I Shall Return to this Bengal_Question Bank

 (E-content developed by Dr N. A. Jarandikar)

Module IV

 

I Shall Return to this Bengal

प्रस्तुतची कविता ही जिबानानंद दास (Jibanananda Das) यांनी लिहिलेली आहे. या कवितेला भारताच्या फाळणीची पार्श्वभूमी आहे. १९४७मध्ये भारतच्या फाळणीनंतर पूर्व पाकिस्तान (म्हणजे आजचा बांगलादेश) आणि पश्चिम पाकिस्तान (म्हणजेच आजचा पाकिस्तान) निर्माण झाले. पैकी पूर्व पाकिस्तान हा बंगाल प्रांताची फाळणी करून निर्माण करण्यात आला. या वेदनेचे प्रतिबिंब या कवितेत पहावयास मिळते.

एकसंघ अशा बंगालमध्ये परतण्याची कवीला आस लागलेली आहे. त्याची ही इच्छा अपूर्ण राहणार असल्याची त्याला जाणीव आहे. त्यामुळे तो म्हणतो की एकसंघ अशा बंगालमध्ये, इथल्या धनिशिरीकाठी (धनिशिरी नावाची नदी) (Dhanisiri) एके दिवशी एखादी मैना (myna) बनून, एखादी घार (fishing-kite) बनून किंवा एखादा कावळा (dawn crow) बनून मी परत येईन आणि तुम्ही मला दाट धुक्यावर अलगद तरंगताना, किंवा फणसाच्या सावलीत (shade of jackfruit tree) वा सुगीच्या हंगामात इथे विसावलेला पाहू शकाल. किंवा एखादं बदक (duck) ज्याच्या पायावरून पाणवनस्पतीने सुगंधित झालेले पाणी (kalmi-scented waters) सतत वहात आहे अशा बदकाच्या रुपातही तुम्ही मला पाहू शकाल. इथल्या नद्या आणि धनधान्याने समृद्ध असणारी भूमी, जलंगी नदीच्या (Jalangi) लाटांनी सिंचित इथला संपन्न समुद्र किनारा यांच्या प्रेमापोटी मी इथे पुन्हा परत येईन.   

इथे तुम्हाला कधीकाळी संध्याकाळची एखादी वाऱ्याची झुळूक काचेवर धडकताना दिसेल किंवा एखादे घुबड (barn owl) कापसाच्या झाडावरून घुमताना दिसेल, एखादे लहान मूल गवतावरती धान्य (rice-grains) फेकताना दिसेल किंवा मग एखादा मुलगा रूपसा नदीच्या (Rupsa) घोंघावणाऱ्या प्रवाहात आपली छोटीशी नाव घेऊन घराकडे परततो आहे, आणि पांढरेशुभ्र बगळे (white egrets) या लालभडक ढगांमध्ये न्हाऊन निघालेले आहेत, असे दृश्य पहायला मिळेल. अशा या सगळ्याच समूहांमध्ये तुम्ही मला पाहू शकाल.

Question Bank

1. The poem “I shall Return to this Bengal” is written by _____.

          a) Jibanananda Das                                   b) Rabindranath Tagore

          c) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam                               d) Henry Derozio

2. _____ floats on the mist’s bosom.

          a) parrot      b) crow                 c) sparrow             d) pheasant

3. After his death, the poet would like to take rebirth in the forms of _____.

a) myna, fishing kite or dawn crow b) myna, peacock or morning sparrow

c) myna, dove or nightingale             d) myna, parrot or cuckoo

4. The green shore of Bengal is drenched by the waves of _____.

a) Jamadagni        b) Jamuna            c) Rupsa               d) Jalangi

5. The owl calls from _____ tree.

a) silken oak         b) silk-cotton       c) silk-tibre           d) palm

6. A little child tosses ______ on the court yard grass.

          a) rice-grains        b) coins       c) wheat-grains              d) food grains

7. The poet wishes to return to _____.

          a) Punjab              b) Haryna             c) Bengal              d) Maharashtra

8. Under the shade of _____ tree, the poet wants to enjoy on his return.

          a) mango              b) jackfruit                    c)banyan              d) peepul

9. ______ will be seen riding on the evening breeze.

          a) a duck              b) a glass fly         c) an owl               d) a crow

10. A young girl ties _____ in the red feet of a duck.

          a) bells                  b) ribbons             c) flowers              d) silk thread

11. The poet says, he will return for the sake of _____.

a) Bengal’s rivers, fields and crops                     b) Bengal’s food items

c) Bengal’s climate                                                d) Bengal’s art and culture

12. The poet wants to return to ______.

          a) the Brahmputra’s bank                 b) the Chenab’s bank

          c) the Dhanisiri’s bank                    d) the Padma’s bank

Q. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences each.

1. Why does the poet say that he shall return to this Bengal to Dhansiri’s bank?

Ø  The poem is set against the background of Bengal’s partition (फाळणी). The poet is very much hurt (दु:ख होणे) by this partition. He has very lovely memories of the old Bengal. So, for the love of Bengal’s rivers, fields and crops, the poet would like to return to Bengal. In short, the poet’s love for Nature of Bengal urges him to take rebirth in the same land.

2. In what different forms the poet wishes to take rebirth in Bengal?

Ø  The poet knows that it will not be possible to take rebirth as man in Bengal. He is very much fascinated by the natural beauty of Bengal. So he thinks that he will return in some form of Nature. That’s why he says that he will return as myna, fishing-kite, dawn crow or a duck. He also wishes to take the form of glass-fly, owl or egret bird.

Q.  Write a short note: Jibanananda Das’s love for the United Bengal

Ø  Jibanananda Das is a Bengali poet. The poem “I Shall Return to this Bengal” deals with his love for nature and love for United Bengal. He is very much disturbed by the partition of Bengal. He wishes to take rebirth in that united land. But he does not want to return as man. He wants to be in different forms of nature. He wants to be a very little and tiny creature such as myna, fishing-kite, dawn crow or a duck. He also wishes to take the form of glass-fly, owl or egret bird.

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Question Bank_Module I_BA I_English Compulsory

(Dr. N. A. Jarandikar)

MODULE: I

DEVELOPING VOCABULARY

1) That is _____ correct answer.

a) dis-              b) mis-             c) in-                d) under-

2) He wants to be an _____, when he grows up.

            a) acts              b) actor           c) acting          d) acted

3) She loves _____ in everything.

            a) purity         b) pure             c) purify          d) pureful

4) He completed the work in time. He became _____.

            a) success        b) succeed       c) successful   d) successfully

5) Please take your shoes _____ before entering the temple.

            a) of                 b) off               c) in                 d) out

6) Anita picked _____ a lively dress.

            a) out              b) away           c) in                 d) of

7) Everybody must stand _____ for the truth.

            a) out               b) in                 c) up                d) from

8) There were only a _____ of people in the party.

            a) handy          b) handful      c) handed        d) hands

9) They require the _____ to arrange the function.

            a) approval     b) approve       c) approved     d) approves

10) There is no _____ in his presentation.

            a) weak            b) weakly        c) weaker         d) weakness

11) The noun for the word ‘prepare’ is _____.

            a) prepares       b) preparing     c) preparation            d) prepared

12) The noun for the word ‘manage’ is ______.

            a) manages      b) managing    c) managed      d) manager

12) The adjective for the word ‘China’ is _____.

            a) chain            b) Chinese      c) Chinaman                d) Chinawala

13) The adjective for the word ‘attract’ is _____.

            a) attraction                 b) attracts                    c) attracted                  d) attractive

14) We work every day _____ Sunday.

            a) except                     b) expect                     c) accept                      d) expert

15) He is a man of _____ character.

            a) lose                          b) loose                        c) lost                          c) loser

16) The _____ is very pleasant.

            a) whether                   b) whither                    c) where                      d) weather

17) Do not _____ your time and energy in useless things.

            a) waste                      b) waist                       c) west                         d) vest

18) The world requires _____.

            a) peace                      b) piece                        c) pass                                     d) paste

19) She is very rich. (Choose the synonym for the underlined word.)

            a) wise                         b) poor                         c) well                                     d) wealthy

20) Education may end your misery.  (Choose the synonym for the underlined word.)

            a) mission                    b) machine                   c) sorrow                    d) happiness

21) Every time you cannot blame the system. (Choose the synonym for the underlined word)

            a) accept                      b) accuse                     c) admit                       d) excuse

22) Wild animals are very cruel. (Choose the antonym for the underlined word.)

            a) aggressive                b) beastly                     c) kind                        d) angry

23) It was a comic film. (Choose the antonym for the underlined word.)

            a) lovely                      b) dirty                        c) serious                    d) good

24) He went to an advocate for a legal _____.

            a) advise                      b) advice                     c) advertise                  d) adhesive

25) The CID officer found a _____ near the highway.

            a) corps                        b) corpse                     c) core                                     d) crops

26) Satish was _____regular in the class.

            a) un-                           b) dis-                          c) ir-                            d) mis-

27) My mobile phone was _____charged.

            a) un-                           b) dis-                          c) ir-                             d) mis-

28) His sister works in a _____national company.

            a) poly-                        b) di-                           c) multi-                      d) bi-

29) _____colour is our national flag.

            a) Tri-                         b) Bi-                           c) Multi-                      d) Di-

30) Gandhiji believed in _____violence.

            a) un-                           b) non-                                    c) dis-                          d) re-

 

On Saying “Please”

1) The essay On Saying “Please” is written by ______.

a) Rabindranath Tagore          b) Mohan Rakesh        c) A. G. Gardiner      d) Premchand

2) The pain of wound to _____ lasts longer.

a) the image                 b) self-respect                         c) emotions and feelings         d) dreams

3) Bad temper and bad manners are more _____.

a) catching                  b) dangerous                           c) attractive                             d) insulting

4) According to Gardiner, we infect the world with _____.

a) our talk                    b) money                     c) our ill-humours                  d) our imagination

5) The law cannot become the guardian of our _____.

a) property                   b) knowledge              c) house                       d) private manners

6) According to Gardiner, the little every day civilities of behaviour make life _____.

a) pleasing                   b) kindly and tolerable          c) simple                      d) beautiful

7) Captain Absolute bullied _____.

a) Fag             b) Sir Anthony Absolute                     c) page-boy                 d) the lift-man

8) _____ is not recognised as a legally punishable offence.

a) Cheating                  b) Theft                       c) Discourtesy            d) Burglary  

9) By saying ______, we keep the machine of life oiled and running smoothly.

a) “Yes” and “No”                                          b) “Hi” and “Hello”                                       

c) “Please” and “Thank you”                      d) “Well” and “Good”

10) When the writer told a conductor that he has no money, the conductor said, _____

a) “Get lost”    b) “Leave the bus”                  c) “It’s all right”        d) “You fool!”

11) The conductor said sorry to the writer because ______.

a) he forgot to return the money                                 b) he was habitual to say it

c) his heavy boot has trampled the writer’s toe      d) he has kicked the writer for not paying

the ticket

12) According to Gardiner, the conductor is a lesson in ______.

a) bad manners                                                            b) misbehaviour

c) misconduct                                                              d) courtesy and good manners

13) Like bad manners, good manners too are _____.

a) infectious                b) evil                          c) useless                     d) unsuitable

14) “Nothing clears up my spirits like a fine day”, said _____.

a) William Wordsworth          b) William Shakespeare           c) John Keats      d) Lord Byron

15) According to Gardiner, the polite man always has _____.

a) blessings                  b) a lot of money         c) all comforts of life    d) the spiritual victory

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Adaptation_Literature and Cinema

 (e-content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar)

B. A. Part II

Semester III, Paper No. III

Literature and Cinema

Adaptation:

The invention of cinema is an important feature of our modern time. At first, cinema was silent, black and white. Actors from cinema did not have any social status. The cinema was meant for entertainment only. Gradually, a lot of changes took place in cinema. Today cinema has become an integral part of our life.

In modern times, cinema is considered as rival to literature. Cinema and literature share some common features. There is plot, characters, setting, dialogues in literature and cinema. Cinema is always in search of good story. It could get these stories easily from literature. People thought it a good idea to make cinema based on good novels, plays or famous autobiographies. But a lot of changes need to be done in literature while shifting it on the screen. This process of changes in literature is termed as ‘adaptation’.

In literature, the writer is at the centre. Similarly, in cinema, the director is at the centre. While bringing one complete novel to cinema, a director makes so many changes in the original work. Adaptation is like translation. While translating a work from one language to another language, a writer faces so many challenges. Similarly, a director faces such problems while making a cinema based on a literary work. Some of the problems faced by a director in adaptation are as follows:

1)   Problems related to language: While making a cinema in the Marathi language, for example, based on an English novel, the director has to be careful about the model of the Marathi language. If the original novel takes place in a village, the director makes necessary changes in the script and uses Marathi as spoken in rural areas.

2)   Problems related to culture: While making a Marathi cinema, the director changes the names of characters, places, etc. Necessary changes are made related to cultural practices. For example, festivals.

3)   Editing and deletion: Considering the need of the script, the director edits events from the original work. Sometimes even he deletes the events because there is restriction of time limit. You can read a novel with your own speed. You can spend hours and hours in reading a novel. But the director has to show it within a set time.

4)   Problems related to visual images: A writer portrays the pictures with the words. But a director has to show all the details on the screen. He needs to think about the costumes, setting, etc. For example, if the director is working on ‘A Train to Pakistan’, he must be careful while shooting Mano Majra. There should not be TV sets, mobile towers and phones in this village. The train should not be running on diesel or electricity. Simply because, these things were not available in India in 1947.

Due to these problems, many times adaptations are considered as inferior to the original literary works. But recent film studies believe that adaptation is re-interpretation of the original work. The director focuses on the issues in the original work which he thinks are suitable for the film. Thus, he focuses on certain characters, certain episodes. He uses the plot line from the original work. But to highlight the focus, he makes necessary changes in the original work.

          For example, the Hindi film ‘Haider’ is an adaptation of Shakespeare’s famous play ‘Hamlet’. A son’s revenge against his mother and uncle is a common plot of ‘Haider’ as well as ‘Hamlet’. But then the director has made so many changes in the film. Hamlet is a prince of Denmark. Haider is a college student from Kashmir. The director has added the element of terrorism in Kashmir to the film. The Marathi play and film ‘Natsamrat’ is based on Shakespeare’s another famous play ‘King Lear’. Blind love for children is a common theme of the Marathi and English play. But the old king of the original play becomes the old actor in the Marathi play.

          Some other examples of adapted movies are as follows: The film ‘Angoor’ is based on Shakespeare’s play ‘Comedy of Errors’. The films ‘Devdas’ and ‘Dev D’ are based on the famous Bengali novel ‘Devdas’. Hindi film ‘Sarkar’ is based on the English novel ‘Godfather’. Another Hindi film ‘Three Idiots’ is based on the novel ‘Five Point Someone’.

          In this way, the director re-interprets the original work. In other words, the director’s film becomes his new creation.      

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