Monday, 14 April 2025

Elegy for My Son

Introduction:

Patrick Fernando is a Sri Lankan poet. He is one of the important writers from Sri Lanka. The dark, tragic and serious tone is the main feature of Fernando’s poetry which can be seen through his poem, ‘Elegy for My Son’. As the title suggests the poem is an elegy. Elegy is a type of poem where the poet expresses his feelings over the loss of someone who is near and dear to him.

Patrick Fernando’s poem “Elegy for My Son” is a touching expression of a father’s grief over the loss of his son. Instead of directly talking about his son’s death, the poet uses the image of a young tree that suddenly dies. This tree becomes a symbol of the son—young, full of life, and deeply loved. The sudden death of the tree shows how unexpected and painful the loss was.


The poem:

The poem begins with a question. The poet asks, the earth, wind and sunshine must have some terrible power, otherwise how can a young tree die in a single day? The poet says he has taken every care for planting and tending the tree. Whenever the poet stands in the empty space, his mind is full of memories of the fine young tree. The poet wonders about the earth, wind and sunshine because they go on working as if nothing's happened. But the poet is overcome with the powerful feeling for the tree, and he announces: 'I'm the tree that’s gone, that tree and I being one.’

Thus, the poet had taken care of the tree with love, just like a parent cares for a child. He gave it sunlight, water, and soil. But despite all this, the tree withers and dies. This shows that sometimes, even with all our efforts, we cannot stop loss or death. The poem reminds us how helpless we are in front of fate.


Language and theme of the poem:

The language of the poem is simple and calm. The poet does not cry or shout in grief. Instead, his pain is quiet and deep. This quiet tone makes the poem even more emotional and real. The reader can feel the sorrow without the poet having to say it directly.

Nature plays a big role in the poem. The same nature that helped the tree grow also allows it to die. This shows that nature is powerful, but also indifferent. It does not stop to feel our pain.


Conclusion:

In conclusion, “Elegy for My Son” is a beautiful and heartfelt poem. It uses simple images to show deep emotions. Patrick Fernando successfully shares his personal loss in a way that many people can relate to. The poem is not just about one father’s grief—it is about the pain of all who have lost someone they love.


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Patrick Fernando यांची “Elegy for My Son” ही कविता एका वडिलांच्या त्यांच्या मुलाच्या मृत्यूबद्दलच्या दु:खाची भावनिक अभिव्यक्ती आहे. कवी थेट मुलाच्या मृत्यूबद्दल बोलत नाही, पण एका लहान झाडाच्या अचानक मृत्यूचे वर्णन करतो. हे झाड म्हणजे त्याच्या मुलाचे प्रतीक आहे – कोवळे, सुंदर, आशादायक आणि कवीच्या प्रेमाने वाढवलेले.


कवी सांगतो की त्याने झाडाची काळजी घेतली, त्याला माती, पाणी, सूर्यप्रकाश दिला – जसे पालक आपल्या मुलाची काळजी घेतात. तरीही, झाड अचानक मरते. हे दाखवते की कधी कधी आपल्या सर्व प्रयत्नांनंतरही आपण मृत्यू टाळू शकत नाही. ही कविता आपल्याला मानवी असहायता आणि नियतीच्या शक्तीची आठवण करून देते.


कवितेची भाषा खूप साधी आणि संयमित आहे. कवी मोठ्या आवाजात दु:ख व्यक्त करत नाही. त्याच्या शब्दांमध्ये एक शांत पण खोल वेदना आहे. ही शांतता कविता अधिक प्रभावी बनवते. वाचक त्याच्या दु:खाशी जोडले जातात.


या कवितेत निसर्गाची भूमिका महत्त्वाची आहे. ज्याच्यामुळे झाड वाढले, तोच निसर्ग ते नष्टही करतो. यामधून कवी सांगतो की निसर्ग शक्तिशाली आहे, पण तो आपल्या भावनांबाबत उदासीन असतो.


ही कविता अत्यंत हळूवार, संवेदनशील आणि विचार करायला लावणारी आहे. Patrick Fernando यांनी त्यांच्या वैयक्तिक दुःखाला एका सार्वत्रिक अनुभवात रूपांतर केले आहे. “Elegy for My Son” ही केवळ एका वडिलांची कथा नाही, तर प्रत्येकाच्या हृदयातील शोक व्यक्त करणारी कविता आहे.

         

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Original poem:

Elegy for My Son



There must be some terrible power

In the earth and wind and sunshine

How else could the young tree,

A favourite of these three

Sicken in a single say and die?


And I who took some pride over

Planting and tending it

And caught its assent to life

The sun’s and wind’s keen sponsorship of



This fine young tree, more admiring than proud.

There must be some strange excess of love

In earth and wind and sun that

With notice of just a little day

Took such a fine young tree away.



Whenever I stand in the empty place, thoughts

Brandished wildly sign and sing in memory.

Earth, wind and sun go about their work

As if nothing has occurred,

Calm as conspirators after the deed

Driving me to almost believe nothing

Has happened. I am the tree that’s gone,

That tree and I being one.


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Thursday, 10 April 2025

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T. S.

Introduction:

Nissim Ezekiel is one of the most important Indian poets writing in English. This poem is one of his most famous humorous (विनोदी) pieces. It is written in the form of a speech given at a farewell party for a colleague, Miss Pushpa.


The poem:

There is one farewell party in one office. Miss Pushpa T. S. is working in that office. She is going abroad in a couple of days. The speaker on this occasion expresses good words for Miss Pushpa, and gives wishes for her journey and future career.

According to the speaker, Miss Pushpa is a sweet and very cooperative girl. She is ready to help everyone. Her appearance in the office is pleasing. She belongs to one wealthy family. She comes from Surat. Her father is a renowned advocate.  The reference to Surat reminds the speaker how he had spent some days in Surat, and how the hostess was a good cook. Finally, the speaker requests the other colleagues to express their feelings, and announces that the function will be concluded by the speech by Miss Pushpa.


Analysis of the poem:

The overall tone of the poem is humorous. But the most striking thing about the poem is the use of Indian English. The poem highlights some common mistakes that are committed by the Indian speakers.  These mistakes are as follows:

  1. The unnecessary use of continuous tense:

  •  ‘you are all knowing’ (you all know); 

  • ‘Miss Pushpa is coming from very high family’ (Miss Pushpa comes from a very high family); 

  • ‘That is showing good spirit’ (That shows good spirit.)

  1. The absence of articles:

  • ‘Miss Pushpa is coming from very high family’ (Miss Pushpa comes from a very high family); 

  • ‘Her father was renowned advocate’ (Her father was a  renowned advocate)

  • ‘she is most popular lady’ (she is the most popular lady)

  1. Incorrect use of sensory verbs:

  • Some verbs do not take -ing form. For example, ‘I am remembering’ (I remember); ‘I am appreciating’ (I appreciate)

  1. Incorrect use of conjunctions:

  • ‘with men also and ladies also’ (with men as well as ladies)

  1. Incorrect use of vocabulary:

  • ‘departing’ (going)

  • ‘In two three days’ (in a couple of days)


Conclusion:

“Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S.” is a light-hearted yet meaningful poem. Through humor, Nissim Ezekiel shows us how language, culture, and identity mix in modern Indian society. It's an easy and enjoyable read, but also gives us a lot to think about regarding how we speak, especially in formal situations.


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ही कविता निरोप समारंभात दिलेल्या भाषणाच्या रूपात आहे. मिस पुष्पा टी.एस. परदेशात जाणार असल्यामुळे त्यांच्या सहकाऱ्यांनी त्यांच्यासाठी निरोप समारंभ आयोजित केला आहे. एक सहकारी भाषण करत आहे, पण ते भाषण Miss Pushpa विषयी फारसं नाही, तर जास्तकरून स्वतःबद्दल आणि इतर विषयांवर आहे.

कवीने विनोदी शैलीत ही कविता लिहिली आहे. भाषणात इंग्रजी व्याकरणाच्या चुका, असंबंधित गोष्टी आहेत. हे भाषण वास्तवात फारसे अर्थपूर्ण नाही. भाषण करणारा व्यक्ती Miss Pushpa बद्दल खूपच सामान्य गोष्टी सांगतो – जसं की ती नेहमी हसतमुख असते, आणि कोणालाही कधी नाही म्हणत नाही वगैरे.

या कवितेमध्ये भारतीय इंग्रजी भाषेची शैली उघडपणे दाखवली आहे – जिथे व्याकरण चुकीचं असतं पण भावना खरी असते. कवीने भारतीय ऑफिस संस्कृतीवर हलक्याफुलक्या शैलीत टीका केली आहे. संपूर्ण कविता सामाजिक निरीक्षण आणि विनोद यांचं सुंदर मिश्रण आहे.

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The original poem:

Goodbye Party For Miss Pushpa T.S.


Friends,

our dear sister

is departing for foreign

in two three days,

and

we are meeting today

to wish her bon voyage.


You are all knowing, friends,

What sweetness is in Miss Pushpa.

I don't mean only external sweetness

but internal sweetness.

Miss Pushpa is smiling and smiling

even for no reason but simply because

she is feeling.


Miss Pushpa is coming

from very high family.

Her father was renowned advocate

in Bulsar or Surat,

I am not remembering now which place.


Surat? Ah, yes,

once only I stayed in Surat

with family members

of my uncle's very old friend-

his wife was cooking nicely…

that was long time ago.


Coming back to Miss Pushpa

she is most popular lady

with men also and ladies also.


Whenever I asked her to do anything,

she was saying, 'Just now only

I will do it.' That is showing

good spirit. I am always

appreciating the good spirit.


Pushpa Miss is never saying no.

Whatever I or anybody is asking

she is always saying yes,

and today she is going

to improve her prospect

and we are wishing her bon voyage.

Now I ask other speakers to speak

and afterwards Miss Pushpa

will do summing up.



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Tuesday, 8 April 2025

Word formation processes

 

Q. 5 B I) Identify the word formation process used in the underlined words in the following sentences. (5 sentences)                                                                                  (05 Marks)

 

Ø The following are the word formation processes in English:

1.      Affixation

2.      Compounding

3.      Conversion

4.      Reduplication

5.      Clipping

6.      Blending

7.      Acronymy

 

1.      Affixation: एखाद्या शब्दाला prefix/suffix जोडण्याच्या प्रक्रियेला Affixation असे म्हणतात. या प्रक्रियेमध्ये ज्या शब्दाला prefix/suffix जोडले जातात, त्याला free morpheme असे म्हणतात; तर prefix/suffix यांना bound morpheme असे म्हणतात. free morpheme ला स्वतंत्रपणे वेगळा अर्थ असतो. bound morpheme ला स्वतंत्रपणे वेगळा अर्थ नसतो.

उदा.

prefix जोडलेले : charge: recharge; happy: unhappy; connect: disconnect;

 suffix जोडलेले : charge: charger; happy: happily; connect: connection

 prefix/suffix दोन्ही जोडलेले : operate: co-operation; success: unsuccessful 

 

2.      Compounding:  या प्रक्रियेमध्ये दोन किंवा अधिक free morphemes एकत्र येऊन नवीन शब्द तयार होतो.

उदा.

table + cloth = tablecloth;

wrist + watch = wristwatch;

flower + pot = flowerpot

 

3.      Conversion: यामध्ये कोणताही नवीन morpheme जोडला जात नाही. परंतु शब्दाची व्याकरणातील असणारी मूळ जात बदलते. म्हणजेच एखादे noun हे verb म्हणूनसुद्धा जेव्हा कार्य करते, तेव्हा या प्रक्रियेला conversion असे म्हणतात.

उदा.

i.                    My father gave me a present. (present = noun)

I presented my paper. (present = verb)

ii.                  He has a very lovely look. (look = noun)

We look before and after. (look = verb)

 

4.      Reduplication: यामध्ये एकसारख्या दिसणाऱ्या morphemes चे duplication किंवा repetition होत असते. काही वेळेस repetition होणारे morphemes हे एकसारखे असतात, तर काही वेळेस त्यामध्ये किरकोळ बदल केलेला असतो.

उदा.

bye-bye;

tick-tock;

ding-dong;

see-saw

 

5.      Clipping: यामध्ये वापराच्या सोयीसाठी मूळचा शब्द हा लहान बनवलेला असतो.

उदा.

laboratory: lab;

photograph: photo;

telephone: phone;

advertisement: ad

 

6.      Blending: यामध्ये दोन morphemes एकत्र करून, त्यापासून नवीनच शब्द बनवला जातो.

उदा.

breakfast + lunch = brunch;

information + entertainment = infotainment

 smoke + fog = smog

wireless + fidelity = Wi-Fi

 

7.      Acronymy: म्हणजेच short फॉर्म्स. यामध्ये प्रत्येक पहिल्या शब्दाची अद्याक्षरे घेतली जातात. सर्व अद्याक्षरे capital मध्ये लिहिला जातात. या अद्याक्षरानंतर full stop दिला जात नाही.

उदा.

State Bank of India: SBI

Cash on Delivery: CoD

Chartered Accountant: CA

Maharashtra Public Service Commission: MPSC

 

BCOM_AEC

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F1IRMakowHOCmho9iSvSdqoPKh2SWmVe/view?usp=sharing