e-contents Radhanagari College

  Human and Animal communication            Language is a specific characteristic of human beings. Animals do not use language. Humans use language for communication, but it does not mean that there is no communication between animals.                         In animals communication takes place with different ways. For example, bees  (मधमाशी) ;  among bees the communication takes place with the help of bee-dancing.  But this is a limited communication because they could communicate only three things – (i) the location of the source of nectar  (मध) , (ii) the direction of the source from the hive  (हाइव्ह: मधाचे पोळे)  and (iii) its distance. They cannot communicate anything except nectar. In gibbons  (गिबन: माकडाची प्रजाती) , communication takes place with their system of calls. The number...

  BA Part II_Semester III English Major syllabus 1.      Major: Paper No. III 1)       Course Category: DSC (Major: Paper No. III) 2)       Course Name: Introduction to English Literature (One Act Plays) and Language (Speech Mechanism) 3)       Total Marks: 100 4)       Credits: 04 Module I One Act Play as a minor form of literature:   a. Definition, origin and development of one act play  b. Elements of one-act play  c. Characteristics of one-act play  d. Difference between one-act play and full-length play  Module II One-act play:    ‘The Dark Lady of the Sonnets’ by G B Shaw Module III One-act play: ‘The Sandbox’ by Edward Albee Module IV ...

 (e-content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar) Transformation and Transposition These are the important terms from film studies. They are related to making a film based on a literary text. They are a further exploration of the idea of ‘adaptation’. The word ‘transformation’ originates from ‘to transform’. The dictionary meaning of ‘to transform’ is ‘to change completely’. The word ‘transposition’ originates from ‘to transpose’. The dictionary meaning of ‘to transpose’ is ‘to change from one position to another. In short, ‘transformation’ requires a complete change, whereas ‘transposition’ requires a moderate change. Transformation:   It is a loose and creative adaptation . A filmmaker makes major changes in the original literary work. These major changes can be at multiple levels, such as changes in plot, changes in characters, changes in ending, etc. The technical term used for such changes is ‘cinematic liberty’. Many a time, s/he takes literary text as a starting poi...

 (e-content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar) The poem ‘The Seven Stages’ is written by Meena Kandasamy. Meena Kandasamy is the Indian poet.Caste issues and gender inequality are the main themes of her poetry. The poem ‘The Seven Stages’ deals with a sad love story. This story may happen in any part of India. The lovers are cursed by the caste issues. The society does not accept their marriage, and they are killed brutally. In one sense, the poem brings forward the issue of ‘honour killing’ in India. The poem begins with a warning to the beloved, her lover and the readers.  The poet warns the beloved not to lose her love and the lover. The poet asks the lover not to ignore her advice about the precious love, not to lose his love. The poet asks the readers to consider the tragic incident as a dream. She asks them to defy this dream. At the beginning of the poem, the poet refers to the seven stages of love as cherished by Sufi tradition. These seven stages of love are as f...