e-contents Radhanagari College

 (e-content developed by Dr N A Jarandikar) Toba Tek Singh “Toba Tek Singh” is a story written by Sadat Hasan Manto. Manto is an Urdu writer. After Partition, Manto migrated (स्थलांतरित होणे) to Pakistan. The common deprived people (वंचित लोक) are the main characters in Manto's literature. 'Toba Tek Singh' is a powerful story by Manto which makes a harsh comment on the idea of Partition.          The story "Toba Tek Singh” revolves around Bishan Singh. The story takes place in an asylum (वेड्यांचे इस्पितळ) in Lahore. After the partition of India, it was decided that like the civilians, the lunatics (वेडे) also should be exchanged. So, it is decided that the Muslim lunatics from India will be sent to Pakistan and the Hindu, Sikh lunatics will be sent to India. The lunatics from the Lahore asylum are confused because of the partition and the idea of the exchange. Like other lunatics, Bishan Singh is also confused.  Bishan  Singh belongs to a v...

 (E-content developed by Dr N A Jarandikar) Bollywood The term ‘Bollywood’ is associated with the Indian film industry. In India, the film industry started towards the end of the 19 th century. At first, it was a silent movie. It was without dialogues and music. Dadasaheb Phalke is considered as the father of Indian cinema. His film “Raja Harishchandra” is the first full-length Indian film. It was released in 1913. “Alam Ara” is the first Indian sound film. In the pre-independence India, films were mainly mythological in nature. At that time, women were not allowed to play roles in the films.  Watching a play was considered a more serious business than watching a film. But in the course of time, the film industry changed rapidly. Now it has become the biggest entertainment industry. The term ‘Bollywood’ is mainly used for Hindi cinema. Before 1947, the film industry was located in Bombay, Calcutta and Lahore. But after 1947, Bombay became the centre for the Hindi film ind...