Three Questions

 (e-content is developed by Dr N A Jarandikar)

Three Questions

Q. 1. What three questions did the King ask to the people of his Kingdom?

‘Three Questions’ is a story written by the famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. The King in this story had a desire to update his knowledge. In that connection, he wanted to know the answers to the following three questions:

i) What is the right time to begin everything?

ii) Whose advice one should take?

iii) What is the right action one should take?

The King sought answers from the learned men of his Kingdom. But he was not satisfied with their answers.

Q.2. write a short note on: The Hermit.

The King was not happy with the answers that he got from the learned men. So, he went to one hermit. The hermit (साधू) was busy in digging the ground. The King asked him, his three questions. But the hermit ignored him. The King decided to help him in the digging. Then there came one wounded man (जखमी व्यक्ती). The King felt pity for him. He bandaged the wound and gave him water. The next morning, the wounded man asked his forgiveness (क्षमायाचना). He was actually there to kill the King. But the King's bodyguards had wounded him. The King forgave him, and allowed to go. After this, the hermit explained the answers to the King's questions.

According to him, 'now' is the right time to begin everything. Thus, the moment when the King decided to help the wounded man is the right time. One should seek his/her own advice So, the King relied on his own advice to help the wounded man is the right advice. And the right action is to do be good. So, the King helped the wounded man is his right action.

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सदरची गोष्ट ही लिओ टॉलस्टॉय या रशियन लेखकाने लिहिलेली आहे. या गोष्टीतील राजाला तीन प्रश्न पडलेले आहेत:

१.       सत्कर्म आचरणात आणण्यासाठीची योग्य वेळ कोणती ?

२.       सत्कर्म आचरण्यासाठी नेमका कुणाचा सल्ला घ्यावा ?

३.       सत्कर्म आचरणात आणण्यासाठी सर्वात महत्त्वाची कृती काय करावी?

या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे मिळण्यासाठी त्याने दवंडी पिटवलेली आहे. या अनुषंगाने त्याला निरनिराळी उत्तरे मिळालेली आहेत. पण एकाही उत्तराने त्याचे समाधान झालेले नाही. त्यामुळे तो जंगलातील एका साधूला भेटण्यासाठी येतो.

साधू आपल्या आश्रमासमोरील बागेमध्ये काम करत आहे. राजा त्याला आपले प्रश्न विचारतो, पण साधू त्याच्याकडे दुर्लक्ष करतो. राजा त्याच्या हातातील फावडे घेतो आणि त्याला मदत करू लागतो. राजा संध्याकाळपर्यंत काम करत राहतो. संध्याकाळी त्या दोघांना एक जखमी माणूस पळत येताना दिसतो. दोघेजण त्याला आश्रमात नेतात. राजा त्याच्या जखमेवर मलमपट्टी करतो. त्याला प्यायला पाणी देतो. दुसऱ्या दिवशी तो माणूस राजाची माफी मागतो. राजाने त्याच्या भावाची हत्या करून त्याची संपत्ती बळकावलेली असते. त्यामुळे तो राजाला ठार मारण्यासाठी आलेला असतो. पण राजाच्या सैनिकांनी त्याच्यावर हल्ला केलेले असतो. राजा मोठ्या मनाने त्याला माफ करतो आणि भावाची घेतलेली सर्व संपत्ती त्याला देऊन टाकतो.

यावेळी साधु त्याला त्याच्या तीन प्रश्नांची आठवण करुन देतो व तुला योग्य उत्तरे मिळाल्याचेही सांगतो. गोंधळलेला राजा याचे स्पष्टीकरण विचारतो, तेव्हा साधू पुढीलप्रमाणे उत्तरे देत्तो:

१)      सत्कर्म आचरणात आणण्यासाठीची योग्य वेळ म्हणजे प्रत्येक क्षण होय.

२)      सत्कर्म आचरणात आणताना अन्य कोणाचावर सल्ला घेण्यापेक्षा स्वतःच्या सदसदविवेकबुद्धीने निर्णय घेणे होय.

३)      सत्कर्म आचरणात आणण्यासाठीची सर्वात महत्त्वाची कृती म्हणजे नेहमी चांगुलपणाने वागणे होय.

अशाप्रकारे ज्यावेळी जखमी माणूस मदतीसाठी आलेला आहे, ती सत्कर्म आचरणात आणण्यासाठीची योग्य वेळ आहे. अशा व्यक्तीला मदत करावी, असा राजाच्या मनाने जो सल्ला दिलेला आहे तोच योग्य आहे. आणि अशा व्यक्तीची केलेली शुश्रुषा व त्याला केलेली क्षमा ही सत्कर्म आचरणातील सर्वात महत्त्वाची कृती आहे.

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आता खाली दिलेल्या लिंकवर जाऊन क्विझ सोडवण्याचा प्रयत्न करा. सर्व उत्तरे बरोबर येईपर्यंत ही क्विझ पुनःपुन्हा सोडवत रहा. सर्व उत्तरे बरोबर आल्यावर संपूर्ण क्विझ आणि वरील प्रश्नोत्तरे आपल्या वहीमध्ये लिहून काढा.

https://forms.gle/FfuPz9KWkHdYss7U8

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English (Compulsory)_BA III

 

Syllabus and Question Paper Pattern for Semester VI

 

Module V:

A.    Group Discussion

B.     The Lighthouse Keeper of Aspinwall - Henry Sienkiewicz (Prose)

Module VI:

•     A. Note Making and Note Taking
•     B. Three Questions – Leo Tolstoy (Prose)

Module VII:

•        A. Media Writing
•        B. Eight Rupees - Murli Das Melwani (Prose)

Module VIII:

•     A. The Mystic Drum - Gabriel Okara
•      B. Two Dead Soldiers - Jean Arasanayagam
•      C. Bora Ring - Judith Wright

 

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Question Paper Pattern

                                                                             Marks: 40

Q.1 A) Three multiple choice questions with four alternatives on prose and poetry.     [03]

        B) Three answer in one word/phrase/sentence questions. (on prose and poetry)  [03]

Q. 2 A) Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences each (2 out of 3)                     [04]

            (two questions on prose and one on poetry)

        B) Write a Short Note on the following in about 7-8 sentences. (1 out of 2)            [04]

            (One on prose and one on poetry)

        C) Two Vocabulary Exercises for 1 mark each (On prose and poetry)                     [02]

Q. 3 A) One question to be set on Group Discussion with internal option.                       [08]

            (Module V-A)

       B) One question to be set on Note Taking And Note Making with internal option. [08]

(Module VI-A)

Q. 4 A) One question to be set on Media Writing with internal option.                           [08]

(Module VII-A)

 

 

 Internal Evaluation: Group Projects                                                                                 [10]

 

A Leaf in the Storm

(e-content developed by Dr N A Jarandikar) 

"A Leaf in the Storm" is a short story written by Lalithambika Antharjanam (ललिताम्बिका अंतरजनम). She is a Malyalam writer. The story deals with the plight of women who suffered after the partition. It revolves around Jyoti, a Sikh woman living in Pakistan with her parents. Jyoti is portrayed as a courageous and independent woman who decides to abandon her veil (parda) and avoid early marriage. However, her rebellious nature leads to consequences.

After the partition, Jyoti and her parents are forced to cross the border into India. During the journey, Jyoti is attacked and raped by rioters. Initially shocked and traumatized in India, she gradually adapts to life in the refugee camp. She witnesses the dead body of a newborn baby discarded in the garbage, a victim of rape. Despite feeling a tearful empathy for the baby, she desires to follow a similar path of discarding her shame.

However, an elderly person in the refugee camp declares the abandoned newborn as the camp's first citizen. When Jyoti unexpectedly gives birth to a baby herself, her initial reaction is to kill the baby. But upon touching the baby's mouth and feeling a sudden change in her mind, she decides to raise the child in the new world.

The story's ending reflects Jyoti's nature. Despite facing storms in her life, she chooses to be resilient and fight against adversity. The title "A Leaf in the Storm" symbolizes the resilience of both Jyoti and the newborn baby against the challenges they face. In the end, the story concludes on a hopeful note.

Final Solution

 (e-content developed by Dr N A Jarandikar)

      "The Final Solution," is a story written by Manik Bandopadhyay (माणिक बंडोपाध्याय). The story is originally written in Bengali. It deals with the plight (दुरावस्था) of women in India, particularly after the partition. Mallika is a main character in this story. She is married to Bhushan. Asha is her widowed sister-in-law. Mallika and Bhushan, along with their two-and-a-half-year-old son Khokon (खोकोन), and Asha are refugees (निर्वासित) who come to India from East Pakistan after the partition.

Mallika's family is struggling for survival. They have nothing to eat, have no shelter (निवारा). They are living on a railway platform. Bhushan is very ill. Mallika seeks help from Pramatha and Ramlochan (प्रमाथा आणि रामलोचन).  Pramatha and Ramlochan are the scoundrels. They are actually involved in the flesh trade (मानवी तस्करी) . They aim to trap Mallika. Mallika realizes Pramatha's intentions but feels helpless and accepts his offer of shelter for her baby.

Pramatha invites Mallika to his home. His intensions are not good. He tries to molest (बळजबरी करणे) her. In a desperate act of self-defence (आत्मसंरक्षणासाठीअगतिक होऊन केलेले कृत्य), Mallika kills Pramatha with the help of her sari.

Mallika then returns home and informs She tells her that from then onward, they will never go hungry again. Mallika announces that she will carry a sharp knife with her to protect her family at any cost. She acknowledges that her actions may be seen as criminal, but she refuses to lose her self-respect (आत्मसन्मान).

In this way, the story sheds light on the plight of women after the partition, where millions of daughters and women became victims (बळी) and struggled to find justice. The story, "The Final Solution" revolves around Mallika, a woman struggling to survive in the aftermath of the partition. The story exposes the harsh realities faced by refugees and the vulnerable position of women in society.

BA II_Semester IV_Syllabus (Optional English)

  

Syllabus for Semester IV, 2022 – 23

BA Part II_ENGLISH (OPTIONAL)

Paper V: Literature and Cinema (DSC-C29)

·         Module I: Transformation and Transposition

·         Module II: Hollywood and Bollywood

·         Module III: Five Point Someone - Chetan Bhagat (Novel) and its adaptation 3 Idiots (dir. Rajkumar Hirani, 2009) (Cinema)

·         Module IV: Five Point Someone - Chetan Bhagat (Novel) and its adaptation 3 Idiots (dir. Rajkumar Hirani, 2009) (Cinema)

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

                                                                                                                Marks: 40

Q.1 A) Four multiple choice questions with four alternatives                                             [04]

       B) Answer the following questions in one word/ phrase/sentence                                [04]

      (Q. 1 A and B to be set on Module III and IV)

Q. 2) Answer the following questions in about 250-300 words.                                           [08]

    (A or B on Module I and II)

Q. 3) Answer the following questions in about 250-300 words.                                           [08]

   (A or B on Module III and IV)

Q. 4) Write Short Notes in about 100-150 words each (4 out of 6)                                       [16]

           (3 to be set on Module I, II, & 3 on Module III, IV)

(Internal Evaluation – Oral Examination)                                                          [10]

Paper VI: Partition Literature (DSC-C30)

·         Module I: Impact of Partition on Women

·         Module II: Home and Exile

·         Module III: Short Stories

• Toba Tek Singh – Saadat Hasan Manto
• The Final Solution – Manik Bandopadhyay 

              Module IV: Short Stories

•        Defend Yourself Against Me - Bapsi Sidhwa
•        A Leaf in the Storm - Lalithambika Antharjanam

 

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

                                                                                                Marks: 40

Q.1 A) Four multiple choice questions with four alternatives                                       [04]

       B) Answer the following questions in one word/ phrase/sentence                          [04]

       (Q. 1 A and B to be set on Module III and IV)

Q. 2) Answer the following questions in about 250-300 words.                                    [08]

      (A or B on Module I and II)

Q. 3) Answer the following questions in about 250-300 words.                                     [08]

     (A or B on Module III and IV)

Q. 4) Write Short Notes in about 100-150 words each (4 out of 6)                                [16]

          (3 to be set on Module I, II, & 3 on Module III, IV)

(Internal Evaluation – Oral Examination)                                        [10]

 

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Tradition and Individual Talent

 (e-content eveloped by Dr N A Jarandikar)

Tradition and Individual Talent

               T.S. Eliot was a towering figure in 20th-century literature. Renowned as a poet, essayist, playwright, and critic, Eliot's work profoundly influenced the development of modernist literature. He is best known for his groundbreaking poem “The Waste Land". Eliot's literary criticism, including essays like "Tradition and the Individual Talent," reshaped the way we understand and analyse literature. Eliot's essay "Tradition and the Individual Talent" was first published in the literary magazine "The Egoist" in 1919. The main arguments in the essay are as follows:

1.   The Role of Tradition: Eliot emphasizes the importance of tradition in shaping the work of the individual artist. He argues that every new work of art is linked to the literary tradition that precedes it. According to Eliot, tradition is not a static set of rules. It is a dynamic and living force that evolves over time. Artists are both inheritors and innovators within this tradition. They draw upon the works of past writers while also contribute to its development.

2.   The Concept of the Individual Talent: Eliot does not advocate for the celebration of individual talent in isolation from tradition. Instead, he suggests that the true value of an artist's talent lies in the ability to integrate and transform the literary heritage that they inherit. The individual talent is not an independent thing but is rather shaped by its relationship to tradition.

3.   The Objective Correlative: Eliot introduces the concept of the "objective correlative" as a method for conveying emotion and meaning in literature. He argues that emotions are best expressed not through direct statements or descriptions but through concrete and specific images, symbols, and situations. By using objective correlatives, writers can evoke emotional responses in readers.

4.   Tradition and Originality: Eliot challenges the concept of originality as a primary goal of artistic creation. According to him the true originality arises not from a rejection of tradition but from a creative engagement with it. The most innovative and influential works of art are those that build upon the achievements of the past while offering new insights and perspectives.

5.   The Continuity of Literature: Throughout the essay, Eliot emphasizes the continuity of literature across time and space. He argues that literary works are interconnected through a web of allusions, references, and influences. This interconnectedness highlights the nature of artistic creation, with each new work contributing to and enriching the larger cultural and intellectual tradition.

In short, "Tradition and the Individual Talent" offers a sophisticated exploration of the relationship between tradition and literary creation. Eliot's ideas continue to influence discussions of art and literature, highlighting the complex relationship between individual creativity and the broader cultural and intellectual heritage.

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