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Showing posts from April, 2025

Transformation and Transposition

 (e-content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar) Transformation and Transposition These are the important terms from film studies. They are related to making a film based on a literary text. They are a further exploration of the idea of ‘adaptation’. The word ‘transformation’ originates from ‘to transform’. The dictionary meaning of ‘to transform’ is ‘to change completely’. The word ‘transposition’ originates from ‘to transpose’. The dictionary meaning of ‘to transpose’ is ‘to change from one position to another. In short, ‘transformation’ requires a complete change, whereas ‘transposition’ requires a moderate change. Transformation:   It is a loose and creative adaptation . A filmmaker makes major changes in the original literary work. These major changes can be at multiple levels, such as changes in plot, changes in characters, changes in ending, etc. The technical term used for such changes is ‘cinematic liberty’. Many a time, s/he takes literary text as a starting poi...

Seven Stages

 (e-content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar) The poem ‘The Seven Stages’ is written by Meena Kandasamy. Meena Kandasamy is the Indian poet.Caste issues and gender inequality are the main themes of her poetry. The poem ‘The Seven Stages’ deals with a sad love story. This story may happen in any part of India. The lovers are cursed by the caste issues. The society does not accept their marriage, and they are killed brutally. In one sense, the poem brings forward the issue of ‘honour killing’ in India. The poem begins with a warning to the beloved, her lover and the readers.  The poet warns the beloved not to lose her love and the lover. The poet asks the lover not to ignore her advice about the precious love, not to lose his love. The poet asks the readers to consider the tragic incident as a dream. She asks them to defy this dream. At the beginning of the poem, the poet refers to the seven stages of love as cherished by Sufi tradition. These seven stages of love are as f...

Hollywood

 (e-Content developed by Prof. (Dr) N A Jarandikar) Introduction: ‘Hollywood’ is a term associated with the American film industry. Hollywood is a place in California, America. Its development as the centre of the global film industry began gradually from the beginning of the 20 th century. Its beautiful scenery, bright sunlight, and pleasant atmosphere attracted the film studios to settle here. Paramount Studios, Warner Brothers and Disney Studios played a major role in establishing Hollywood. There are many film centres in America apart from Hollywood, such as the New York film industry, the Atlanta Film Industry, and the Chicago film industry. But Hollywood remains the capital of all these film industries for so many reasons. It’s the largest English film-making industry next only to Bollywood. Hollywood v/s British films: Britain also produces English films. But there is a major difference between Hollywood and British films. Hollywood produces very big-budget films and ...

Morphological Analysis

  Q. 5 B II) Morphological Analysis Morphological Analysis करण्यासाठी खालील गोष्टी माहित करून घ्या :  सर्वप्रथम दिलेल्या शब्दाचा word class माहित करून घ्या. उदा. Noun, verb, adjective, adverb. हे ओळखण्यासाठीचे काही सर्वसाधारण नियम पुढीलप्रमाणे आहेत :  Noun: १. Noun चे -s/-es लावून अनेकवचन होऊ शकते. उदा. Boys; villages; chairs  २.  -tion शब्द हे noun वर्गातील असतात. उदा. Examination; competition; generation (Verb ला -tion लावल्यानंतर noun तयार होते.) ३.  -ment; -ness हे शब्द noun वर्गातील असतात. उदा. Development; enjoyment; happiness; kindness Adjective: १.  -er/-est लागणारे शब्द हे adjective असतात. उदा. Taller; tallest २. -al  हे शब्द adjective वर्गातील असतात. उदा. Musical; natural (Noun ला -al लावल्यानंतर adjective मिळते) Verb: १. -ize/-ify हे शब्द verb असतात. उदा. Modernize; simplify २. -en/-ate  हे शब्द verb असतात. उदा. Widen; originate Adverb: १. -ly हे शब्द सहसा adverb असतात. उदा. Slowly; happily (Adjective ला -ly लावल्यानंतर Adverb मिळ...