बॅलड ही एक कविता किंवा गाण्याची शैली आहे
जी साध्या आणि लयबद्ध भाषेत एखादी कथा सांगते. पारंपरिकरित्या, बॅलड्स तोंडी म्हटले जात आणि पिढ्यानपिढ्या संगीतातून पुढे नेले जात. १८व्या
शतकापासून बॅलड लिहिण्याची परंपरा सुरु झाली. अशा
प्रकारे बॅलडचे पारंपारिक बॅलड व साहित्यिक बॅलड असे प्रकार दिसून येतात.
बॅलडच्या महत्त्वाच्या वैशिष्ट्ये
- बॅलड
म्हणजे केवळ भावना व्यक्त करणारी कविता नाही, तर
ती
पूर्ण कथा सांगते.
- प्रेम, साहस, वीरता, शोकांतिका, आणि
गूढ गोष्टी यासारखे विषय सामान्यतः बॅलेडमध्ये आढळतात.
- बॅलड्समध्ये
दैनंदिन भाषा आणि सोपी वाक्यरचना असते, त्यामुळे
ती सहज समजते.
- लांब
वर्णनांपेक्षा घटना
आणि संवादांवर भर दिला
जातो.
- बहुतेक
बॅलड्स
चार ओळींच्या कडव्यांमध्ये (quatrains)
लिहिलेल्या असतात.
- पारंपरिक
बॅलड्समध्ये ABCB किंवा AABB ही यमकयोजना असते.
- अनेकदा
काही ओळी किंवा कडवे वारंवार येते, ज्यामुळे
ते सहज लक्षात राहते आणि गाण्यासारखे वाटते.
- बॅलड्समध्ये
ठराविक लय असते,
विशेषतः iambic
meter (एक जुळी
स्वर-व्यवस्था,
जिथे प्रत्येकी दुसरा शब्द जोर
देऊन उच्चारला जातो).
- बॅलडमध्ये घटनांना आणि पात्रांच्या संवादाला महत्त्व असते. त्यामुळे ती गद्यकथेप्रमाणे वाटते पण त्यात कवितेचा लयबद्धपणा असतो.
बॅलड हा आजही प्रचलित काव्यप्रकार असून, तसेच तो संगीतातीलदेखील एक लोकप्रिय
प्रकार आहे.
* * * * *
A ballad is a form of
poetry or song that tells a story in a simple and rhythmic way. Traditionally,
ballads were passed down orally from generation to generation, often through
singing, making them a part of folk traditions in many cultures. Over time,
they were written down and adapted into literary forms.
Key Characteristics of a Ballad
- Narrative
Style (Tells a Story)
- Other
poems focus on emotions or descriptions. A ballad focuses mainly on a story
element.
- Common
themes of a ballad include love, adventure, heroism, tragedy, and
supernatural events.
- Simple
Language
- Ballads
use everyday words and simple sentence structures, making them easy to
understand.
- They
focus on action and dialogue rather than lengthy descriptions.
- Fixed
Structure and Repetition
- Ballads
use four-line stanza pattern.
- They
follow a regular rhyme scheme, usually ABCB or AABB.
- Many
ballads include a refrain that is, a repeated line or stanza. It adds
a song-like quality.
- Dramatic
Action & Dialogue
- Ballads
focus on events rather than deep personal thoughts.
- They
often include dialogue between characters to make the story more
engaging.
Types of Ballads
- Folk
Ballads (Traditional Ballads)
- Originated
as oral literature, passed down through generations.
- The
poet of such ballads is anonymous. These ballads are modified over time.
- Literary
Ballads
- Written
by known poets, following the ballad style.
- More
refined but still retains the storytelling and rhythm of folk ballads.
Ballads in Modern Culture
- Ballads
are still popular today, especially in music. Many slow, emotional
songs with storytelling elements follow the ballad form.
- Examples
include folk songs, country ballads, rock ballads, and even pop
songs with narrative lyrics.
Some examples of ballads:
·
Traditional
Ballad: “Robin Hood”
·
Literary
Ballad: “The Rime of Ancient Mariner” by S. T. Coleridge
·
Pop
song: “Yesterday” by Beatles
Conclusion
A ballad is a simple yet powerful
storytelling form. It is a blending of poetry and music. Whether in ancient
folk songs or modern ballads, the tradition of telling emotional and dramatic
stories in verse continues to engage audiences.
* * * * *
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